A new review by Dr. Ruyuan Wang and an international team of researchers explores the complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, shedding light on regulatory mechanisms in ...

Humans are protected by two branches of the immune system. Innate immunity provides built-in defense against widespread characteristics of bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity memorizes ...

Cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, harness and amplify the immune system’s natural ability to detect and attack cancer cells. In this illustration, immune T cells (pink) attach to a ...

Although many anticancer immunotherapies have focused on the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system also plays important roles in the immune response against cancer. The cells of the innate ...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used vaccines. It was developed in the early 20th century to provide protection from tuberculosis. Surprisingly, this ...

Pathogens are ubiquitous and a constant threat to their hosts, which has led to the evolution of sophisticated immune systems in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial immune systems encode an ...

In recent years, the field of immunology has increasingly focused on the role of glycolipids and sphingolipids in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, such as macrophages, ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

The immune system’s primary responsibility is to recognize and target invading pathogens. Various immune cells are orchestrated to carry out this responsibility. Additionally, these cells are ...

Smoking does not do a body good. We’ve known this universally acknowledged truth for at least the past 60 years. Still, researchers are constantly finding new ways that it harms our health. In a study ...