This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Investigating Buffers - Two short experiments to discover the properties of buffer solutions. Practicing Titrations - A demonstration of the proper use of a burette system for titrations; including a ...

Traditionally, chemical reactions have been described as one-line “equations” in which substrates, say A and B, convert purposefully but rigidly into a desired product, say C. Naturally, it has been ...