Strong base is added to three different buffers and water and the effect on pH is observed.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

This lab includes a demonstration of the proper use of a burette system for titrations; including a detailed description, instructional video, and opportunity for students to collect data to ...

Figure 1: Comparison of the labelling efficiency in vitro and within the E. coli cytoplasm. Figure 2: Toxicity of Cu(I) complexes inside E. coli cells. Compartment-specific pH indicators derived from ...